1. The NGOization of Social Movements: Between Opportunities and Constraints -- 2. A Historical Overview of the Feminist Movements in Belgium and Romania -- 3. The Institutionalization of Feminism: Inclusion and Marginalization -- 4. Participation in Official Settings: Between Co-optation and Resistance -- 5. The Routinization of Protest -- 6. The Professionalization of the Feminist Movement -- 7. Neoliberal Bureaucratization and Feminist Movement Organizations -- 8. Governing Through Insecurity: Financial Dependence and Precarization in the Feminist NGO Sector -- 9. NGOization: The Neoliberal Mode of Governance of Civil Society.

Drawing on theories in politics, sociology, gender and feminist studies, and social movement studies, this book compares and contrasts NGOized feminist organizations and informal street feminist groups in Belgium and Romania in order to understand the transformation of modern and contemporary feminist movements. Chapters trace the development of this NGOization process and its entanglements with neoliberal modes of governance and techniques and proposes an historically and empirically grounded analytical model to the NGOization of feminist movements as a multidimensional process. By analyzing the NGOization process through a cross-national comparison based on very different cases, the book disentangles the links between institutionalization, professionalization, bureaucratization and precarization and clarifies the outcomes associated with them, such as demobilization, depoliticization, co-optation and burn-out. This book will be of interest to scholars and researchers across Gender & Feminist Studies, Social Movements, Sociology, and Politics.