This book explores recent developments in electrically conducting graphene-containing polymer composites for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding and flame-retardant applications. It emphasizes the exceptional performance of graphene and graphene-based materials in these composites. The comprehensive overview covers the fundamental principles of EMI shielding, flame retardancy, and polymer composite processing, addressing critical aspects related to the development of advanced graphene-containing materials. The book aims to fill the gap in reviews that specifically focus on EMI shielding and flame retardancy fundamentals, processing techniques, and application-specific developments. An important aspect discussed is the customization of electrical properties through blend morphology modification and selective localization of graphene-based nanofillers. This aspect has not been adequately covered in previous articles or books. By addressing this research gap, the book becomes an essential resource for researchers seeking a deeper understanding of molecular aspects and result interpretation. With a focus on processing advanced functional composite materials for EMI shielding and flame retardancy, the book promotes a molecular understanding of the subject matter. It is expected to pave the way for future advancements in advanced polymer composites. Researchers and scholars will find this book invaluable as it provides a holistic overview of fundamental concepts and insights into ongoing research intricacies.