03316nam a22004335i 4500001001800000003000900018005001700027007001500044008004100059020001800100024003500118050001400153072001600167072002300183072001500206100008000221245011300301250001800414264007200432300006800504336002600572337002600598338003600624347002400660505040100684520141601085650001202501650002802513650002802541650002302569650004302592650003302635710003402668773002602702776003602728776003602764776003602800856004602836978-981-97-4053-6DE-He21320251030113230.0cr nn 008mamaa241016s2024    si |    s    |||| 0|eng d  a97898197405367 a10.1007/978-981-97-4053-62doi 4aTA459-492 7aTGM2bicssc 7aTEC0210302bisacsh 7aTGM2thema1 aConejo, Alberto N.eauthor.4aut4http://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut10aElectric Arc Furnace: Methods to Decrease Energy Consumptionh[electronic resource] /cby Alberto N. Conejo.  a1st ed. 2024. 1aSingapore :bSpringer Nature Singapore :bImprint: Springer,c2024.  aXXII, 752 p. 466 illus., 168 illus. in color.bonline resource.  atextbtxt2rdacontent  acomputerbc2rdamedia  aonline resourcebcr2rdacarrier  atext filebPDF2rda0 aIntroduction -- Energy balance -- Prediction models on energy consumption -- Oxygen injection -- Burners -- Post-combustion -- Slag foaming -- Scrap pre-heating -- Hot metal -- Hot DRI -- Stirring -- Scrap quality -- Hot heel -- Tapping control -- Water cooling -- Optimization of electric power parameters -- Energy recovery -- Energy consumption and the environment -- EAF Design -- Automation.  aThe Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) will become the largest producer of steel worldwide, replacing the conventional route through the blast furnace and BOF. In most developed countries the EAF process is already the main steelmaking reactor. This is due to many advantages, such as much lower emissions of CO₂, higher flexibility in furnace capacity and higher flexibility in the raw materials such as scrap, direct reduced iron (DRI) and pig iron. The EAF process has also experienced a larger level of automation that provides a higher productivity. However, the EAF process also has a large number of limitations in comparison with the BOF, for example; (1) use of an expensive type of energy (electric energy), (2) very poor stirring conditions which results in lower decarburization rates, (3) residual elements in steel scrap, (4) cost of scrap can be higher than iron ore, (5) dependance on DRI to produce higher quality steels, (6) higher heat losses, (7) lower metallic yield (slag leaves the furnace losing iron and heat). If the EAF process overcomes these limitations it will be able to fully overcome the BF-BOF route and become the dominant process for steelmaking in the 21st century. This book discusses in detail 15 methods to decrease energy consumption in the EAF. Decreasing energy consumption requires an integral approach which means that all methods should be fully understood and optimized. 0aMetals. 0aIndustrial engineering. 0aProduction engineering.14aMetals and Alloys.24aIndustrial and Production Engineering.24aThermal Process Engineering.2 aSpringerLink (Online service)0 tSpringer Nature eBook08iPrinted edition:z978981974052908iPrinted edition:z978981974054308iPrinted edition:z978981974055040uhttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4053-6