This book draws together the most interesting recent results to emerge in mechanical engineering in Russia, providing a fascinating overview of the state of the art in the field in that country which will be of interest to a wide readership. A broad range of topics and issues in modern engineering is discussed, including dynamics of machines, materials engineering, structural strength and tribological behavior, transport technologies, machinery quality and innovations, robotics and aircraft dynamics. The book comprises selected papers presented at the 12th conference “Modern Mechanical Engineering: Science and Education”, held at the Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University in June 2023 with the support of the Russian Engineering Union. The authors are experts in various fields of engineering, and all of the papers have been carefully reviewed. The book is of interest to mechanical engineers, lecturers in engineering disciplines and engineering graduates.