Chapter 1. “Don't Give Me Moral, but a Social Ideal”: From the Social Condemnation of Prostitution to the Criminalisation of Sexual Exploitation: Pimping and Human Trafficking in the Portuguese Penal Code -- Chapter 2. Cross-Border Organized Crime and Human Rights: The Awfulness of Trafficking in Human Beings. Chapter 3. Combating Human Trafficking in South Africa -- Chapter 4. Human Trafficking Policies in Scandinavia: What Happens When International Obligations Meet National Problem Definitions? -- Chapter 5. Fight Against Human Trafficking in Poland: From Theory to Practice -- Chapter 6. The Silenced Coercion of Voodoo over Nigerian Women Trafficked from West Africa to Europe -- Chapter 7. Transvestites and Transwomen in Human Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation: A Study In Brazil -- Chapter 8. Romania – Trendstetter in European Human Trafficking? -- Chapter 9. Individuals Treated As Nonpersons and the Challenge to Criminal Justice: The Specific Problems Facing Victims of Trafficking in Human Beings -- Chapter 10. Trafficking in Human Beings as an Hourglass Paradigm -- Chapter 11. The Formal Institutions of Control and the Victims of Human Trafficking: From Frequency to Impunity -- Chapter 12. Human Trafficking in Slovenia: Contemporary Issues -- Chapter 13. How Organized is Labour Trafficking? On the Involvement of Organized Criminal Groups in Labour Exploitation -- Chapter 14. Human Trafficking in Brazilian Law: The New Legal Definition -- Chapter 15. Trafficking in Persons vis-à-vis the Recent Jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights: Lessons for Brazil.

This book analyses new forms of human trafficking taking into account the transposition of the Directive 2011/36/UE which sets out minimum standards to be applied throughout the European Union in preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims. Sexual exploitation of trafficked persons is at its highest rate. After COVID-19, new forms of sexual exploitation have been identified, specifically in the Global South. The book analyses new forms of exploitation used by traffickers to coerce victims. Combining the perspectives of academic researchers with those of highly skilled professionals from governmental institutions, this book is a unique contribution, promoting collaboration in preventing and combating human trafficking crime, and in raising awareness of this ongoing problem.