Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. Definitions of Core Concepts and Literature Review -- Chapter 3. Theoretical Framework for PAFCS -- Chapter 4. Evolution of PAFCS Policies -- Chapter 5. Investigating the Status Quo of PAFCS in Southwest Ethnic Areas -- Chapter 6. Analysis of Farmers' Willingness to Participate Sustainedly in FCS Projects -- Chapter 7. Analysis of Constraints on Farmers' Participation in FCS Projects -- Chapter 8. Analysis of Farmers' Willingness to Accept Ecological Compensation for Participating in FCS Projects -- Chapter 9. Analysis of Farmers’ Cultural Adaptation to FCS Projects -- Chapter 10. Analysis of the Impact of Livelihood Capital on Farmers’ Earnings from FCS Projects -- Chapter 11. Analysis of the Functions of the Community in FCS Projects and the Factors Influencing the Community’s Functions -- Chapter 12. Analysis of the Willingness of Community Elites to Organise FCS Projects -- Chapter 13. Analysis of Elite Capture in FCS Projects -- Chapter 14. Evaluation of the Trickle-Down Effect of PAFCS -- Chapter 15. A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Performance of PAFCS -- Chapter 16. Evaluation of Farmers’ Perceptions of the Effect of PAFCS -- Chapter 17. Conclusions, Policy Suggestions, and Prospects.

This book focuses on two issues: the creation of benefits and opportunities for the poverty-stricken people and the trade-off between FCS and poverty alleviation. At the theoretical level, it explains the essential characteristics of PAFCS, analyses the impact mechanism of FCS projects in poverty alleviation, clarifies the stakeholders and their interests and demands, and delineates the dynamic mechanism of FCS projects and poverty alleviation. Based on this theoretical framework, the current situation and challenges for PAFCS in southwest China's ethnic areas are examined in depth. Project performance was quantitatively measured both for projects themselves and for community farmers. The research emphasises that FCS projects in poverty-stricken areas are not the same as PAFCS, highlights the combination of poverty alleviation theory and ecological compensation theory, and considers PAFCS as an intersection of poverty research and ecological compensation research. Additionally, the research suggested that FCS projects are not general poverty alleviation projects, highlights the need for full respect to be granted to the subjective will and value judgement of farmers, including poverty-stricken farmers, takes the lead in focusing on the win–win goal of combating climate change and reducing poverty, and makes a breakthrough in researching some key issues that need to be solved in the practice of PAFCS in the ethnic areas of Southwest China. This book is helpful for global scholars in the field of sustainable development, anti-poverty and forest carbon sequestration, government officials, and organisations in developing countries concerned with agricultural development, forestry economy, and sustainable development, as well as all the people around the world who want to find innovative solutions in the climate negotiations.