This book presents peer-reviewed full papers of the 50th Textile Research Symposium (TRS50, 2023). The papers cover a range of contemporary and innovative themes in textile science and technology and smart/nanomaterials. The common thread linking these themes is science and technology for the advancement of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) which are crucial for the well-being of the planet. The book examines and adds new knowledge to a range of themes like Industry 4.0, green manufacturing, circular textiles, artificial intelligence and smart factories, advanced fibrous materials and composites, recent developments in textile machinery, apparel comfort and next-generation nonwovens. The topics covered include innovative manufacturing methods that factor in people, planet and profit. This book is a valuable reference for students, academia, researchers, policy makers and professionals interested in the re-imagination of the industry that kick-started the industrial revolution.