New Physics World -- What are Things Made of? The Worldline of Particles from Thales to Higgs -- Chaos, Entanglement and Computation -- Spooky Quantum Action: from Thought Experiments to Real World Quantum Technology Application -- From Evolutionary Genetics to Epigenetics -- Exploring Human Evolutionary History and Biological Nature -- Epigenetic Inheritance and the Environment -- Editing Life: Homo sapiens as Evolutionary Drive -- Neurosciences and Neurophilosophy -- Including or Excluding Free Will -- Artificial Intelligence Perspectives -- Toward Open-source AI Systems as Digital Public Goods: Definitions, Hopes and Challenges -- Addressing Societal Challenges with the Help of AI from Student Teams at IdeaSquare, CERN -- Accelerated AI for Real-time Discovery -- AI in Education and Learning: Perspectives on the Education Ecosystem -- Art in the Age of Algorithms: A Creator's Perspective on the Artistry of AI Image Generation -- The Dark Sector: A Century Long Mystery -- Dark Energy -- Dark Matter -- Epilogue.

This interdisciplinary book enables scientists and non-specialists from various fields to delve into fascinating historical and recent scientific advancements in physics, astrophysics, genetic evolution, neuroscience, and artificial intelligence. Paradigm shifts are common in science, but some have significantly changed our perception and understanding of the world. This volume not only explores the profound implications of these scientific frontiers but also forecasts their impact on daily life. It delves into ongoing research and the technology that fuels advancements in physics and related fields. Authored by renowned researchers and science communicators, this book appeals to researchers and non-experts seeking a comprehensive overview of emerging developments that challenge ongoing research and will impact education and society in the coming years. Structured into distinct sections - New Physics World, Evolutionary Genetics to Epigenetics, Neurosciences and Neurophilosophy, Applications of Artificial Intelligence, and The Mystery of the Dark Sector - each chapter provides a deep dive into its respective subject, shedding light on the mysteries and implications of cutting-edge science. The book ends with an Epilogue illustrating the limitations of and challenges for our cognitive abilities.