Introduction - The State of Physician Workforce Diversity in Graduate Medical Education Across the Largest Training Residency Specialties -- Part I: By Residency Training Speciality -- Internal Medicine -- Emergency Medicine -- Pathology -- Diagnostic Radiology -- Interventional Radiology -- Radiation Oncology -- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation -- Anesthesiology -- Dermatology -- Ophthalmology -- Orthopedic Surgery -- Otolaryngology -- Neurological Surgery -- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery -- Vascular Surgery -- Part 2 - By Demographic Group -- Representation of Women in the US Physician Workforce -- Representation of Black Physicians -- Hispanic/Latinx Representation in the US Physician Workforce -- American Indian and Alaska Native -- Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders -- Asian Representation in the US Physician Workforce -- Representation of Sexual and Gender Minorities in the US Physician Workforce -- International Medical Graduate Representation in the US Physician Workforce -- First-Generation and/or Low-Income (FGLI) Physicians -- Deaf and Disabled populations -- Military Physician Workforce Diversity.

This book serves as a one-stop source for understanding physician workforce diversity , equity and inclusion (DEI) from the perspective of training specialties, and demographic identity groups, summarizing representation trends over time, historical barriers to DEI, and concrete interventions and solutions. The chapters provide a necessary foundational resource for medical educators seeking to enhance diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in their training programs and educational programming. It similarly supports health system and organizational leaders in understanding the current and historical landscape of DEI across medical specialties and demographic groups to inform their interventions and initiatives in an evidence-based manner. The book is divided into two sections: training specialties and demographic identity groups. In the first section, DEI within several of the largest medical residency training specialties is explored. In the second section, the representation trends of various demographic identity groups, including women and individuals from racial and ethnic minoritized groups, and deaf and disabled individuals are discussed. Each chapter will follow the same format: Relevant specialty- or demographic-specific literature is reviewed, discussing the rationale for workforce diversity and inclusion in that specialty or demographic identity group. Current data by race, ethnicity, sex, and other available demographics is discussed for various trainee and practicing physician categories across the training and professional continuum, such as practicing physicians, academic faculty, graduate medical education residents and fellows, residency applicants, and medical school graduates. Historical demographic trends are assessed over time. This is followed by a thorough discussion of: specialty or demographic-specific strengths and weaknesses in representation to DEI and related barriers and impediments to DEI; and evidence-based interventions and solutions. This is an ideal guide for medical educators, department chairs in academia and private/community practice, health system leaders, healthcare organization board members and executive leaders, diversity thought leaders, search committees, and medical students and trainees, especially during their specialty selection process.